What is the meaning and
the utility of the multiplicity of system of 2-state items?
“Multiplicity” is the number
of microstates corresponding to a given macrostate. It is relevant because multiplicity is
directly proportional to the likelihood of finding a system in that macrostate.
What is the meaning and
utility of the
The
Quiz #2: 2/4/05
In
what sense is a system at -10K hotter than one at +10K?
The
system at -10K gives energy to the one at +10K when the two are brought into
thermal contact.
Quiz #3: 2/7/05
The
Boltzmann factor e-e/t is proportional to the likelihood that a
system will be found in a particular state with energy e. What is
needed to turn that into a probability?
We must
divide the Boltzmann factor by the partition function
Z.
Quiz #4: 2/14/05
What
two properties of an electromagnetic “mode” deterimine
its energy?
The
energy of the mode is determined by the number of photons in the mode (s) and
the frequency of the mode (w).
Specifically: es = s h w
Quiz #5: 2/21/05
Give
one of the 3 “mathematical” differences between phonons and photons.
1.
Phonons
in a solid have a finite number of modes available to them (instead of an
infinite number)
2.
Phonons
move at the speed of sound (rather than light)
3.
Phonons
have 3 polarization states (rather than 2)
Quiz #6: 2/25/05
The
first reading in Chapter 5 says, in essence “A gradient in __________ leads to
a ______________”. Fill in the blanks.
A gradient in chemical potential (m) leads
to a flow of particles.
Quiz #7: 3/2/05
What
is required to turn the Gibbs factor into a measure of absolute (rather than
relative) probability?
One must
divide by the grand partition function (also known as the Gibbs sum).
Quiz #8: 3/4/05
Given
that the Gibbs factor is e(Nm-e)/t , write down the basic expression for <e3>.
<e3> = Se3e(Nm-e)/t
/z, where z is the
grand partition fuction (because I can’t find a
cursive Z in this stupid program).
Quiz #9: 3/7/05
What
does the Fermi-Dirac distribution function given
below tell us?
f(e)
= [exp ((e-m)/t)-1]-1
f(e) tells us the average occupancy of
an orbital of energy e in system of fermions with chemical
potential m and temperature t.
Quiz #10: 3/11/05
What
property of a system is described by the expression S
f(e) where the sum runs over all energies?
This gives us the average number of particles in the system (i.e. N or <N>).
Quiz #11: 4/18/05
A
heat engine converts heat to work. What
does a refrigerator do?
A
refrigerator (or a heat pump) uses mechanical work to move heat from a low
temperature reservoir to a high temperature reservoir.
Quiz #12: 4/25/05
Under
what conditions is the Gibbs Free Energy (G) a
meaningful quantity when characterizing a system?
G is a meaningful property of systems maintained at a constant temperature and pressure.